KEY ICT POLICY PRINCIPLES: APEC Innovation Policies

PROMOTING EFFECTIVE, NON-DISCRIMINATORY, AND MARKET-DRIVEN INNOVATION POLICY[1]

Encouraging innovation – the process by which individuals and businesses generate and commercialize new ideas – is critical to the current and future prosperity of APEC economies.  Our collective economic growth and competitiveness depend on all our peoples’ and economies’ capacity to innovate.  Open and non-discriminatory trade and investment policies that foster competition, promote access to technology, and encourage the creation of innovations and capacity to innovate necessary for growth are critical aspects of any successful innovation strategy.  Therefore, we as APEC Leaders agree to:

  1. Develop and maintain an open economy that allows the flow of capital, people, ideas, goods, and services across borders in ways that ensure competition, enhance productivity, and foster growth across the Asia-Pacific region;
  2. Enable the development and adoption of new and innovative business models by maintaining regulatory systems, including licensing regimes, that support competitive markets;
  3. Maintain regulatory systems that are transparent and non-discriminatory, provide due process, and include opportunities for early and meaningful stakeholder engagement, consistent with the APEC Leaders’ Transparency Standards;
  4. Promote open investment, including by working to remove restrictions on foreign direct investment, consistent with the APEC Non-Binding Investment Principles and the APEC Investment Facilitation Action Plan;
  5. Encourage the use and participation in the development of voluntary, market-led, and global standards that promote innovation, competition, and create global markets for products and services;
  6. Ensure that technical regulations and requirements serve legitimate public policy objectives (e.g., health, security, safety, and environment), and do not serve to stifle innovation, limit access to technologies, reduce competition, or create unnecessary trade barriers;
  7. Develop and implement technical regulations and requirements, taking into consideration the APEC-OECD Integrated Checklist on Regulatory Reform;
  8. Provide effective protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights to create a climate in which innovators, including small and medium-sized businesses, are encouraged to invest in the research, development, and commercialization of leading-edge technologies and promote the dissemination of technologies and services throughout APEC economies;
  9. Refrain from adopting or maintaining measures that make the location of the development or ownership of intellectual property a condition for eligibility for government procurement preferences, without prejudice to economies' positions in the WTO;
  10. Ensure that the terms and conditions of transfer of technology, production processes, and other proprietary information are left to the agreement between individual enterprises, consistent with WTO rules;
  11. Promote government procurement policies that are transparent, non-discriminatory, openly pro-competitive, and performance-based, consistent with the APEC Non-Binding Principles on Government Procurement;
  12. Implement information and communication technology policies, including those related to data privacy and security, in such a way as to minimize the trade-distorting impact of and promote greater global alignment in those policies;
  13. Effectively and efficiently manage spectrum so as to enable innovative use of this resource, avoiding undue limitations on applications and technologies that utilize spectrum, other than as necessary to mitigate harmful interference; and
  14. Encourage cooperation and interaction among researchers and laboratories, including through joint research and development, in order to accelerate innovations that can be applied to address the common economic and other challenges APEC economies face.

We instruct officials to develop capacity-building activities that will further assist economies to promote effective, non-discriminatory, and market-driven innovation policy.

 

亚太经合组织(APEC)创新政策：促进有效、无歧视，市场主导的创新政策

鼓励创新对APEC经济体目前和未来的繁荣至关重要。我们经济的共同增长和竞争力来源于个人和经济的创新能力。促进竞争，鼓励科技运用，推动创新的开放和无歧视性的贸易和投资政策，是任何成功创新策略的重要方面。因此，APEC领导人一致认为：

  1. 开拓并保持一个开放的经济， 允许资本、人员、思想、商品和服务的跨境流动，并确保竞争、提高生产力和促进亚太区的增长；
  2. 保持包括授权机制在内的支持竞争市场的一系列监管体系，使发展和采用创新的商业模式成为可能；
  3. 保持监管体系的透明和无歧视，提供使利益方有可能尽早参与的正当的程序， 符合APEC的透明标准；
  4. 促进投资开放，着手清除限制海外直接投资，符合APEC非约束性投资原则(Non-Binding Investment Principles)和APEC投资便利行动方案(Investment Facilitation Action Plan)的精神；
  5. 鼓励利用和参与基于自愿、市场主导、促进创新和竞争，并创造产品和服务的全球性市场的全球性标准的制定；
  6. 保证技术法规和要求符合正当的公共政策目标（例如：健康、安全、环境），且不会扼杀创新，限制技术的采用，降低竞争，或制造不必要贸易障碍；
  7. 制定和实施技术法规和要求，并考虑 APEC-OECD 综合监管改革的清单(Integrated Checklist on Regulatory Reform)；
  8. 进行有效的知识产权保护和执法，创造良好环境，确保包括中小型企业在内的创新者有动力投资于研发和将领先技术商业化，并促进技术和服务在整个APEC经济体系内传播；
  9. 避免采取或保持那些以发开所在地或知识产权所有权作为政府采购优先条件的措施；
  10. 确保技术、生产工序和其他知识信息的转让受到个体企业间协议的制约，与WTO规则一致；
  11. 促进政府采购政策透明、无歧视、公开竞争、以表现论取舍，并与APEC政府采购非约束性准则(Non-Binding Principles on Government Procurement)一致；
  12. 实施信息和通讯技术政策，包括与数据隐私保护和数据安全相关的政策，尽量减少贸易扭曲影响，促进这些政策的全球协调；
  13. 有效并高效地管理频谱，从而使创新地利用这一资源，避免对应用和技术进行不必要的限制成为可能；
  14. 鼓励研究人员和实验室之间的互利合作，包括通过联合研究和开发，以加快创新，解决面临的挑战。

[1] As agreed upon 8-9 September 2010 in Vladivostok, Russia by APEC ministerial participants, including the U.S. and China.  Please see http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2012/2012_aelm/2....